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| style="width: 20%;" |[[File:Emojione 1F914.svg|center|thumb|75x75px]]<br>{{font color|Purple|''Watch these videos and discuss with your teacher why this is similar to a computer.  Can you discuss with your teachers what programming means?''}}

| style="width: 40%;" |[[File:Emojione 1F914.svg|center|thumb|75x75px]]<br>{{font color|Purple|''Watch these videos and discuss with your teacher why this is considered important in the history of computer hardware.  Can you guess what programming means?''}}

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| style="width: 30%;" |{{Youtibe=i_u3hpYMySk}} Lego Model of Difference Engine

| style="width: 30%;" |See below how a difference engine, designed by Charles Babbage worked.

| style="width: 30%;" |{{Youtibe=jiRgdaknJCg}}} A model in the Computer History Museum of the Difference Engine, evaluating polynomials

{{#widget:YouTube|id=i_u3hpYMySk}}  

| style="width: 40%;" |[[File:Emojione 1F914.svg|center|thumb|75x75px]]<br>{{font color|Purple|''Watch these videos. Can you make out any similarity between the looms and this machine? Can you discuss with your teachers what programming means?''}}

| style="width: 70%; " |This changed when the binary system was invented.  In the binary system information is represented as a series of "0"s and "1"s thus allowing information to be accessed through only a combination of "1"s and "0"s.  This allowed information to be communicated in discrete bits which could be combined and recombined. Such a computer which uses "0"s and "1"s to perform computations a digital computer.  

 

{{font color|purple|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware#First_general-purpose_computing_device] Charles Babbage invented the first programmable computer, that could perform a series of calculations, in 1833. Input was through punched cards and output was through a plotter and bell. This was a big achievement in the history of development of computers.}}

 

We saw earlier how analog machines worked and what were the difficulties.  With the discovery of electricity and circuits, it became possible to represent things using electric signals. Using a series of circuits and electrical signals, it became possible to perform calculations, bringing in the electromechnical analog computers.

 

When Alan Turing developed a theory that a computer can be programmed to solve any problem, the development of modern computers as we now know it began. The use of Boolean algebra, which helped developing logical circuits for electrical signals launched the digital revolution.  Boolean logic uses the binary system where information is represented as a series of "0"s and "1"s thus allowing information to be accessed through only a combination of "1"s and "0"s.  This allowed information to be communicated in discrete bits which could be combined and recombined. Such a computer which uses "0"s and "1"s to perform computations a digital computer.  

What makes our society now different from ever before is the presence of digital technologies. This development came with the development of new methods of designing circuits like transistors and micro chips; thus giving birth to the digital computer.   

What makes our society now different from ever before is the presence of digital technologies. This development came with the development of new methods of designing circuits like transistors and micro chips; thus giving birth to the digital computer.   

This improved the reliability and ease of computations significantly over the analog machines.  This has led to the growth of computers as we know it - from large clunky computers to the computer on your desktop to the laptop and now the smart phone.   

This improved the reliability and ease of computations significantly over the analog machines.  This has led to the growth of computers as we know it - from large clunky computers to the computer on your desktop to the laptop and now the smart phone.   

| style="width: 30%;" |slideshow - http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/computers/

See the slideshow here for a glimpse of how the digital technology revolutionized history of computing.

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| style="width: 60%;" |slideshow - http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/computers/<br>

{{font color|Purple|''See the slideshow here for a glimpse of computer history and discuss the most important developments with your teacher'''}}

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