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ICT student textbook/Science Technology and Society (view source)
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[[File:Abacus 6.jpg|left|thumb|180x180px]]
[[File:Abacus 6.jpg|left|thumb|180x180px]]
Throughout history, people have been counting and making devices to help counting and to perform calculations. Initially these devices were based on physically changing things or moving things to represent the various phenomena and perform calculations.
Throughout history, people have been counting and making devices to help counting and to perform calculations. Initially these devices were based on physically changing things or moving things to represent the various phenomena and perform calculations.
Can you guess what these two images are? The one on the left is called the Abacus which was used to perform calculations with numbers by moving the beads. The one on the right is called the Antikythera machine which was used in Greece to calculate the positions of astronomical objects. Over the years, computational technologies and devices continued to develop, some for general calculations like the slide rule or Napier's calculating tables and some for specific applications like predicting tides.
Can you guess what these two images are? The one on the left is called the Abacus which was used to perform calculations with numbers by moving the beads. The one on the right is called the Antikythera machine which was used in Greece to calculate the positions of astronomical objects. Over the years, computational technologies and devices continued to develop, some for general calculations like the slide rule or Napier's calculating tables and some for specific applications like predicting tides.
File:Napier's_calculating_tables.JPG|John Napier's calculating tables, 1642
File:Napier's_calculating_tables.JPG|John Napier's calculating tables, 1642
File:Pascaline_calculator.jpg|Pascal Calculator, 1680
File:Pascaline_calculator.jpg|Pascal Calculator, 1680
File:Early_SSA_accounting_operations.jpg|Punched cards for accounting calculations, 1920s
File:099-ferreltpm.jpg|Tide Calculating Machine, 1880
File:Analog_Computing_Machine_GPN-2000-000354.jpg|Analog computers to model and predict flights
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All of these are examples of analog devices that could perform calculations, in other words, analog computers.
All of these are examples of analog devices that could perform calculations, in other words, analog computers.
===={{font color|purple|Think and write}}====
Can you look at each of these pictures and think what might be the process by which analog computers work. Write down what they measured, how they may have measured, an how they gave results.
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During the mechanical and electric analog phases of technology, information was created by a series of physical changes converted into electrical impulses for storing and machine, and each analog information storage required a specialized equipment to decode and read the information. A cassette player or a gramaphone disc is an example of such a device. Analog machines could be programmed for specific applications as well as for general computing. Since information was being represented physically, results were not always accurate as they could not be replicated exactly.Such a device is called an [[wikipedia:Analog_computer|analog computer.]]
File:Early_SSA_accounting_operations.jpg|Punched cards for accounting calculations, 1920s
===== Development of a programmable computer =====
===== Development of a programmable computer =====
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