ICT student textbook/Science Technology and Society - Revision history

Yogi: 1 revision imported: from troer

2017-06-28T09:01:19Z

1 revision imported: from troer

Ranjani: /* Science and technology */

2017-06-11T19:18:52Z

Science and technology

Yogi: 1 revision imported

2017-05-17T12:37:56Z

1 revision imported

Ranjani at 22:48, 12 March 2017

2017-03-12T22:48:27Z

Show changes

Guru: /* What is the internet */

2016-12-29T07:34:10Z

What is the internet

Guru: /* ICT have changed the society */

2016-12-28T12:06:23Z

ICT have changed the society

Guru: /* ICT have changed the society */

2016-12-28T12:05:32Z

ICT have changed the society

Guru: /* ICT have changed the society */

2016-12-28T12:03:38Z

ICT have changed the society

Guru: /* ICT have changed the society */

2016-12-28T12:00:33Z

ICT have changed the society

Guru: /* The cell phone */

2016-12-28T11:55:47Z

The cell phone

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 __FORCETOC__
 ===Science and technology===
-Many times you hear the word science and technology together. What is the connection between the two? Do you know? Study of science includes a method of observing things around us, thinking about why those events happen, recording information about the events, explaining why the events happen and also predicting what might happen. Often, scientists imagine what might be the solution and what might be the answer to the puzzles around us. The understanding of phenomena can lead to the development of tools – this is  what we call technology. The technology can provide us more methods of observing, experimenting and recording.  And this in turn results in the advancement of science.  Thus, science and technology share a symbiotic relationship.
+Many times you hear the word science and technology together. What is the connection between the two? Do you know? Study of science includes a method of observing things around us, thinking about why those events happen, recording information about the events, explaining why the events happen and also predicting what might happen. Often, scientists imagine what might be the solution and what might be the answer to the puzzles around us. The understanding of phenomena can lead to the development of tools – this is  what we call technology. Technology can provide us more methods of observing, experimenting and recording.  And this in turn results in the advancement of science.  Thus, science and technology share a symbiotic relationship.
 {| class="wikitable"
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 Can you think of examples of where technology has helped the growth of science? One area is that of cell biology. Until the microscope was invented by Robert Hooke and Anthony Leeuwenhoek, the study of cells was not possible. Now we study structure of cells, growth of cells, disease-affected cells, cell reproduction, gene sequencing and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA DNA] using many advanced microscopes and cameras; the data and images are analysed using computers.
-<gallery mode=packed heights=150px>
+<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
 File:Robert-Hookes-microscope-287x300.jpg|First microscope designed by Robert Hooke
 File:1Old-microscopes.jpg|Old Microscopes, 1750
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 Many such analog devices were used for performing different calculation tasks like the ones shown below:
-<gallery mode=packed heights=200px>
+<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
 File:South-pointing_chariot_(Science_Museum_model).jpg|Model for pointing out direction, China, 200-265
 File:Torquetum.jpg| Torquetum for astronomical instruments,{{nowrap|1100-1200}}
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 ===={{font color|purple|Think and write}}====
-Can you look at each of these pictures and think what might be the process by which analog computers work.  Write down what they measured, how they may have measured, and how they gave results.
+Can you look at each of these pictures and think what might be the process by which analog computers work?  Write down what they measured, how they may have measured, and how they gave results.
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
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 =====Radio communication=====
-The earliest electronic communication devices functioned using radio technology. Many communication devices we know today also function through radio waves. Radio waves are [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation electromagnetic waves].  Radio waves carry a certain amount of energy and can travel over large distances. When the wave reaches the destination, the receiver gets the amount of information. We cannot see radio waves but we can detect them by building receivers that can detect them. These are called as antennae. They scan the environment for radio signals and respond when they find a signal.
+The earliest electronic communication devices functioned using radio technology. Many communication devices we know today also function through radio waves. Radio waves are [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation electromagnetic waves].  Radio waves carry a certain amount of energy and can travel over large distances. When the wave reaches the destination, the receiver gets the amount of information. We cannot see radio waves but we can detect them by building receivers that can detect them. These are called antennae. They scan the environment for radio signals and respond when they find a signal.
 You must be thinking if this is similar to how we hear sound.  Sound is a pressure wave – when we produce a sound it travels by disturbing the air particles. If there is no medium, sound cannot travel. What happens when we hear something on a radio?  Originally sound is produced and then it converted into radio waves. These waves are sent and received through instruments called antennae. When your radio antennae receives this radio wave, this is converted back into sound and is played.
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 One of the important parts of the cell phone is called the  SIM card.  The SIM card connects the phone to the network, your location. This helps the phone connect to a cell phone network and can also store phone numbers. It can be removed from one phone and put in any other cell phone.
 |}
 ===References===
 #[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_computer Analog computer]
 #[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware History of computing hardware]

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 |-
 |[[File:Internet Key Layers.png|thumb|Key layers of the internet]]
-|If you want information about some book available in your library, you can connect to the library's computer from home and get the information that you want. There are many such computers in different organisations giving us different types of information. These computers are connected to one another, their network is called the Internet. The Internet is a physical network of millions of computers across the world, each of which has a unique identifier. Some of these computers act as 'servers', they store data which can be accessed by other computers. The millions of computers which are part of the Internet, is like a huge library with information on almost any issue.  Initially the internet was a set of computers connected by one another and information requests were sent and received through networks.
+|If you want information about some book available in your library, you can connect to the library's computer from home and get the information that you want. There are many such computers in different organisations giving us different types of information. These computers are connected to one another, their network is called the Internet. The Internet is a physical network of millions of computers across the world, each of which has a unique identifier. Some of these computers act as 'servers', they store data which can be accessed by other computers, hence the internet is like a huge library with information on almost any issue.
 |-
 |[[File:Herramientas web 2.0.jpg|thumb|World Wide Web]]
-|But this was difficult.  In 1989 Sir Timothy Berner Lee developed a system by which the computers can transfer information through a method called '''Hyper Text Mark-up Language'''.  <br>
+|Initially the internet was a set of computers connected by one another and information requests were sent, using specific text commands, and received through networks. But this was difficult to do.  In 1989 Sir Timothy Berner Lee developed a system by which the computers can transfer information through a method called '''Hyper Text Mark-up Language'''.  <br>
-This application is called the "World Wide Web - www".  Yes, the "www" is an application on the internet to access the Internet in the form of a web page, using an application called the Web Browser.  There are millions of pages of shared information on the computers in the network, created by many people and organizations, in the form of 'web pages' accessed using a software application called a '''web browser'''.<br>
+He developed the application  called the "World Wide Web - www".  Yes, the "www" is an application on the internet to access the Internet in the form of a web page, using an application called the Web Browser.  There are millions of pages of shared information on the computers in the network, created by many people and organizations, in the form of 'web pages' accessed using a software application called a '''web browser'''.<br>
-This makes connection between computers more accessible to all and it allows different kinds of content to be shared across the internet.  This was a significant shift in the way the internet developed.
+This makes connection between computers more accessible to all and it allows different kinds of content to be shared across the internet.
 |-
 |[[File:Internet of Things.jpg|thumb|Internet of things]]

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 #{{font color|purple|'''What are the ways in which ICT can help connection and communication for the potter?'''}}
-If so many things are impacted by ICT, it is important to understand how these work, and how they should be used [[ICT_student_textbook/What_students_need_to_know_about_ethics_of_technology|ethically and safely]].  Technology should be treated like a common resource where everyone can access it, interact with it, benefit from it and contribute to it.  It should be used such that more and more people can get access in society should be treated like a public information good.
+If so many things are impacted by ICT, it is important to understand how these work, and how they should be used [[ICT_student_textbook/What_students_need_to_know_about_ethics_of_technology|ethically and safely]]. Technology should be treated like a common resource of society, where everyone can access it, interact with it, benefit from it and contribute to it.  More and more people should be able to use ICT in a manner appropriate for their needs, for this, access to ICT should be treated like a public good, like public education or public health.
 ===What is the internet===

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 #{{font color|purple|'''What are the ways in which ICT can help connection and communication for the potter?'''}}
-If so many things are impacted by ICT, it is important to understand how these work, and how they should be used [[ICT_student_textbook/What_students_need_to_know_about_ethics_of_technology|ethically and safely]]. Technology should be treated like a common resource of society, where everyone can access it, interact with it, benefit from it and contribute to it.  More and more people should be able to use ICT in a manner appropriate for their needs, for this, access to ICT should be treated like a public good, like public education or public health.
+If so many things are impacted by ICT, it is important to understand how these work, and how they should be used [[ICT_student_textbook/What_students_need_to_know_about_ethics_of_technology|ethically and safely]].  Technology should be treated like a common resource where everyone can access it, interact with it, benefit from it and contribute to it.  It should be used such that more and more people can get access in society should be treated like a public information good.
 ===What is the internet===

@@ Line 170: / Line 170: @@
 #{{font color|purple|'''What are the ways in which ICT can help connection and communication for the potter?'''}}
-If so many things are impacted by ICT, it is important to understand how these work, and how they should be used [[ICT_student_textbook/What_students_need_to_know_about_ethics_of_technology|ethically and safely]].  Technology should be treated like a common resource where everyone can access it, interact with it, benefit from it and contribute to it.  It should be used such that more and more people can get access in society should be treated like a public information good.
+If so many things are impacted by ICT, it is important to understand how these work, and how they should be used [[ICT_student_textbook/What_students_need_to_know_about_ethics_of_technology|ethically and safely]]. Technology should be treated like a common resource of society, where everyone can access it, interact with it, benefit from it and contribute to it.  More and more people should be able to use ICT in a manner appropriate for their needs, for this, access to ICT should be treated like a public good, like public education or public health.
 ===What is the internet===

← Older revision	Revision as of 09:01, 28 June 2017
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← Older revision	Revision as of 12:37, 17 May 2017
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 Look around you - can you make a list of things that have digital technologies involved in them?  Yes, that is right.  Starting from the computer in your school, television, movies, videos and other materials for subject learning mobile communication, Aadhar card, land records, bank accounts, pension accounts and so many more things, ICT have become integrated into society in many ways.
-{{font color|purple|'''1. ICT can help create'''}}
+{{font color|purple|'''1. ICT can help create:'''}}
 ICT can create information in so many different ways - maps, audio, video, text, numeric data.  Expressing yourself and creating materials is not limited only to text.  This means newer and newer methods of knowledge creation and sharing. You can learn in different ways.  How we learn and what is needed to be learnt have become different. For example, we no longer need to learn about a withdrawal slip, we need to know how to use the ATM.  Your teacher can now take a video of a class in your school and share it.  Different devices and applications are coming together - a mobile is approaching the computer, the internet is taking over.  <br><br>
-{{font color|purple|'''2. ICT can help connect and communicate'''}}
+{{font color|purple|'''2. ICT can help connect and communicate:'''}}
 The most important thing about ICT today is the internet.  The internet has changed the way we think of communicating.  Talking to a friend through whatsapp or telegram chats, emailing or making a video call are just some of the ways in which the internet has changed the way we interact with each other in society.  With the internet, you can connect to any computer in the world and access information.  You can join other friends, form groups to learn about many things.  Internet is also allowing new methods of learning through online courses and resource repositories.
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 If so many things are impacted by ICT, it is important to understand how these work, and how they should be used [[ICT_student_textbook/What_students_need_to_know_about_ethics_of_technology|ethically and safely]].  Technology should be treated like a common resource where everyone can access it, interact with it, benefit from it and contribute to it.  It should be used such that more and more people can get access in society should be treated like a public information good.
 ===What is the internet===
 {| class="wikitable"

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 |[[File:mindmapofcellphone.jpg|400px]]
 |A cell phone functions like a phone, a camera and a computer.  Yet, it does all of this using a few  components.  If you open up a cell phone, you will see the following parts:
-#'''A circuit board''' : This is the brain of the cellphone and gives all the instructions to the phone. This contains a set of integrated circuits for giving instructions to the cell phone also. A computer has a similar circuit board also.
+#'''A circuit board''' : This is the brain of the cellphone, which contains a set of integrated circuits for giving instructions to the cell phone. A computer has a similar circuit board also.
 #'''A keyboard''' : This is also very similar to the computer keyboard and you use the key board to operate the cell phone.
 #'''Display :''' This is similar to the computer monitor.